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Driver’s education multimedia: part film, part slideshow, on negotiating intersections safely.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersection_(road)
An intersection is a road junction where two or more roads either meet or cross at grade (they are at the same level). An intersection may be 3-way — a T junction or fork, 4-way — a crossroads, or 5-way or more. It may often be controlled by traffic lights, and may be a roundabout (traffic circle in America).
This article primarily reflects jurisdictions where vehicles are driven on the right. If not otherwise specified, “right” and “left” can be reversed to reflect jurisdictions where vehicles are driven on the left…
Turns
At same-grade intersections, turns are usually allowed, but often regulated to avoid interference or collision with other traffic. If the crossing street is a one-way street, or other cases of flow limitation, certain turns may be not allowed or may be limited by regulatory signs or signals.
In the absence of lane markings indicating otherwise, left turns should be made from the leftmost lane and right turns from the rightmost lane to avoid collision or blocking of traffic going straight.
Turn lanes
At intersections with large proportions of turning traffic, turn lanes (also known as turn bays) may be provided where the street/road approaches the intersection. For example in the intersection shown in the following diagram, there are left turn lanes in the east-west street for traffic approaching the intersection in the eastbound and westbound directions.
Turn lanes may be provided to allow vehicles to turn across oncoming traffic (i.e., a left turn in right-side driving countries, or a right turn in left-side driving countries), or to turn off the road without crossing traffic (i.e., a right turn in right-side driving countries, or a left turn in left-side driving countries). Absence of a turn lane does not normally indicate a prohibition of turns in that direction. Instead, traffic control signs are used to prohibit turns.
Turn lanes may be provided to increase the capacity of an intersection, or to improve safety. Turn lanes can have a dramatic effect on the safety of a junction. In rural areas, crash frequency can be reduced by up to 48% if left turn lanes are provided on both main-road approaches at stop-controlled intersections. At signalized intersections, crashes can be reduced by 33%. Results will be slightly lower in urban areas.
Turn lanes are marked with an arrow bending into the direction of the turn which is to be made from that lane. Multi-headed arrows indicate that vehicle drivers may travel in any one of directions shown.
Traffic signals facing vehicles in turn lanes often have arrow-shaped indications. Green arrows indicate protected turn phases, when vehicles may turn unhindered by oncoming traffic. Red arrows may be displayed to prohibit turns in that direction. Red arrows may be displayed along with a circular green indication to show that turns in the direction of the arrow are prohibited, but other movements are allowed. In some jurisdictions, a red arrow prohibits a turn on red, while in others, it does not.
Disadvantages to turn lanes include increased pavement area, with associated increases in construction and maintenance costs, as well as increased amounts of stormwater runoff. They also increase the distance that pedestrians crossing the street are exposed to vehicle traffic. If a turn lane has a separate signal phase, it often increases the delay experienced by the through traffic going the other way. If it doesn’t have a separate phase, the left turn traffic does not get the full safety benefit of the turn lane.
In lieu of turn lanes, there are several different intersection configurations that divert turning traffic elsewhere to increase safety and intersection throughput. These include the Michigan left, “superstreet” and continuous flow intersection…
Fork
A fork (literally “fork in the road”) is a type of intersection. When a road splits, the main road steers to the left or right, depending of what side you drive on, and the smaller road heads straight. It is common for 2 lane roads. Heading toward the main road, the traveler must turn left or right. If a road has a curb that sticks out, it is not classified as a fork.
Other markings
In some places, wider white stop lines… indicate where vehicles should stop at an intersection when there is a stop sign or a red light in a traffic signal facing them….
Post time: Feb-13-2017